When its port prospered under the Qing, especially during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the island's name was changed to Chinese: 廈門 pinyin: Xiàmén Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ē-mn̂g / Ē͘-mûi again. 'Think Ming (dynasty) Prefecture', meaning "Remembering the Ming". In 1650, the seventh year of Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing dynasty, Zheng set a military base in Xiamen island and changed its name into Chinese: 思明州 pinyin: Sīmíng zhōu Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Su-bêng chiu lit. 'Mansion Gate' or "Gate of China".Īfter the fall of the Ming dynasty, Zheng Chenggong, or Koxinga, a Ming loyalist and general, occupied Xiamen island as an anti- Qing base. 'Lower Gate', and then changed into Chinese: 廈門 lit. The name was formerly written using, Chinese: 下門 lit. It received its present name from the Xiamen Defense Castle erected on the island by Zhou Dexing in 1387 during the Ming dynasty to meet the needs of coastal defense. Xiamen Island was described as Jiahe Islet of Tong'an County during the Song dynasty (960–1279). Tong'an County first appeared in Han dynasty records. Xiamen had always been known as Tong'an County since antiquity until Republic of China Era of the 20th century, followed by administrative zoning restructures and naming changes. The city is home to several major universities, including Xiamen, one of China's most prestigious universities as a member of the Double First Class Universities, Huaqiao, Jimei, Xiamen University of Technology and Xiamen Medical College.
Xiamen is one of the top 70 cities in the world by scientific research as tracked by the Nature Index. Xiamen is classified as a Large-Port Metropolis. The overseas Chinese used to support Xiamen's educational and cultural institutions. Ever since the 12th century, Xiamen was also an important origin for many migrants to Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines. On 31 August 2010, Xiamen Port incorporated the neighboring port of Zhangzhou to form the largest port of China's Southeast. It is the 4th port in China with the capacity to handle 6th-generation large container vessels. It is ranked the 8th-largest container port in China and ranks 17th in the world. The port of Xiamen is a well-developed first-class trunk line port in the Asia-Pacific region. Xiamen Island possessed a major international seaport. As part of the Opening Up Policy under Deng Xiaoping, Xiamen became one of China's original four special economic zones opened to foreign investment and trade in the early 1980s. The Kinmen Islands (Quemoy) administered by the Republic of China (Taiwan) which lie less than 6 kilometers (4 mi) away separated by Xiamen Bay. This area also connects with Quanzhou in the north, making up a metropolis of nearly ten million people. The urbanized area of the city has spread from its original island to include most parts of all six of its districts, and with 4 Zhangzhou districts ( Xiangcheng, Longwen, Longhai and Changtai), form a built-up area of 7,284,148 inhabitants. All together, these cover an area of 1,700.61 square kilometers (656.61 sq mi) with a population of 5,163,970 as of 2020 and estimated at 5.308 million as of 31 December 2022. It is divided into six districts: Huli, Siming, Jimei, Tong'an, Haicang, and Xiang'an.
Xiamen ( UK: / ʃ( j) ɑː ˈ m ɛ n/ sh(y)ah- MEN, US: /- ˈ m ʌ n/ - MUN simplified Chinese: 厦门 traditional Chinese: 廈門 pinyin: Xiàmén Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ē-mn̂g), also known as Amoy ( / ə ˈ m ɔɪ/ ə- MOY from the Zhangzhou Hokkien pronunciation, Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ē͘-mûi, IPA: ), is a sub-provincial city in southeastern Fujian, People's Republic of China, beside the Taiwan Strait.
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